Sygne de Coûfontaine
The Second SexSygne de Coûfontaine is one of the work’s most sublime female figures: a proud keeper of the Coûfontaine lineage whose life is shaped by service to male authority, loyalty to inheritance, and sacrifice. The account of her joins two sharply unequal realms. On earth, the husband and male warrior command, while the woman remains, waits, and sustains what men leave behind; in relation to God, however, a woman can be a fully autonomous person, and Sygne’s renunciation becomes a path to transcendence.
Identity and Place in the Family
Sygne belongs to the Coûfontaine family and is associated with the work of defending its inheritance. Her place reflects the hierarchical household order described in the discussion: the husband is its head, and women’s work is framed as auxiliary to men’s projects. Men labor in the fields, build cathedrals, fight, explore, and act; the woman stays in place. Sygne embodies that remaining presence, maintaining that she is the one who remains and is always there.
That role is not simply passivity. While a man is away fighting for a cause, Sygne defends the Coûfontaine heritage and keeps its accounts in order. Her work preserves the material and familial continuity on which the absent fighter’s activity depends. The distinction is nevertheless unequal: men are represented as undertaking the world’s projects, while a woman’s contribution is to hold a place, an inheritance, and a hope open for them.
Vassalage and Loyalty
The account presents marriage and kinship as relations of vassalage. The wife gives herself to her husband, who takes care of her; the same pattern extends from daughter to father and sister to brother. A dramatic image makes the hierarchy physical: Lâla lies on the ground before Coeuvre, who places his foot on her. Sygne’s relation to George is likewise figured as feudal submission, as she takes the knight’s vow in the hands of a sovereign.
Her language casts that submission as a gendered and familial duty. She describes herself as a poor sibyl who keeps the fire while addressing the man as lord. She asks to swear like a new knight, but the oath is made in the hands of the male who is her lord and elder. Her own comparison of herself with the male of her race registers how thoroughly social privilege is attached to being a man.
The virtues expected of a female vassal are fidelity and loyalty. Sygne is described as sweet, humble, and resigned in the conventionally feminine sense, yet proud and invincible in the name of her lineage. The contrast gives her service a double character: it is submission within a hierarchy, but it also sustains a fierce commitment to the family and its cause. Like other women cast as mediators and conciliators, she draws strength from devotion to a cause that is hers because it belongs to her masters.
Inheritance, Hope, and Sacrifice
Sygne’s defense of the family inheritance and her care for its accounts place her in the space left behind by male action. She does not take up the fighter’s role; instead, she preserves the conditions to which he may return. Her contribution is also emotional and moral: she brings hope to the fighter, and pity. The image of a woman who remains therefore carries both a limit and a consequence. She is excluded from the recognized arena of action, but her constancy supports those who act within it.
The account gives her loyalty its starkest expression through a series of acts of endurance. Sygne carries the corpse of her assassinated father on her shoulder, accepts a lonely and wild life and the suffering of a crucifixion, and assists Tête d’Or in his agony before he dies beside her. These circumstances make lineage more than an abstract inheritance: it is borne physically, through loss, isolation, and care for the dying. Her fidelity is at once a personal virtue and the means by which the family’s history is carried forward.
Her ultimate sacrifice has a definite purpose: she gives up earthly happiness to save the pope. This purpose distinguishes her renunciation from sacrifice undertaken only as a generalized ideal. Her loyalty remains tied to a concrete religious and political end, and the cost is borne in her own life. The pattern places her among the figures for whom saintliness lies in renunciation, while also showing how a woman’s limited participation in human projects is turned into an ideal of self-giving.
Spiritual Autonomy and Significance
The social hierarchy that restricts Sygne does not, in the account’s argument, determine her standing before God. On earth, man’s existence is described as surpassing itself through action, while woman’s is described as maintaining itself; but transcendence is located not in earthly activity alone, but in God. A woman is said to have as direct a connection with God as her male companion, perhaps one more intimate and secret. The distinction makes Sygne’s subordination a social condition rather than proof of spiritual inferiority.
Her experience of divine address also reveals the different forms that connection can take. God speaks to Sygne through a man’s voice, specifically a priest’s; Violaine hears the divine voice in the solitude of her heart, while Prouhèze deals only with the Guardian Angel. Sygne’s mediated encounter therefore sits beside other, more inward or direct forms of spiritual communication. The comparison does not erase her earthly dependence, but it places her within a group of women whose relation to the divine exceeds their subordinate position in human affairs.
Sygne’s significance lies in that tension. She embodies the woman who remains, guards the inheritance, and takes a vassal’s oath, yet the same fidelity makes her proud, enduring, and capable of a consequential renunciation. Her spiritual elevation depends, in this account, on sacrifice; that ideal can dignify her agency even as it is built around the social expectation that women give rather than take. The result is not equality in earthly power, but a sharp contrast between women’s human subordination and their asserted autonomy before God.